Intregrating Technology Into Education: Internal Citations

According to the Casey Green interview conducted by James Morrison for Over the Horizon he said, “Each new wave of technology—film following the Second World War, television from the 1950s onward, mainframe computers in the 1960s and 1970s, desktop computers in the 1980s, and the Internet and World Wide Web currently—has fostered great hopes of educational promise among educators and others in public life. Indeed, at the turn of the last century, Thomas Edison was convinced that film would supplant books as the primary mode of instruction by the end of the 1930s (J. Morrison, 1999).”

“Advances in computing, advent of the Internet and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) means that information can be disturbed and accessed almost instantaneously (Panigrahi, 2011, p.46).”

According to the Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education “An integral part of the schooling process resulting in universal computer literacy, computer aided learning and finally (Panigrahi, 2011, p.47).”

According to Casey Green “Finally, the campus community needs to address what I would call the "next wave" issues—those issues that are "on the horizon" and are moving closer (J. Morrison, 1999).”  

In his interview he continues on by saying, “Legacy issues and infrastructure are the ones we deal with almost daily. For example, one major legacy issue is IT financing. As nonprofits, colleges experience significant structural problems managing the financial side of IT (J. Morrison, 1999).”

Green continues his interview with talking about budgets, “We cannot amortize; it is difficult for campuses to categorize technology expenditures—computers, software, and so on—as capital costs, similar to buildings. But we need to find a new financing model, because right now, the one we have does not work well. As I said a minute ago, too much of the technology money comes from budget dust—the money we rush to spend before the close of the fiscal year (J. Morrison, 1999).”

According to Alex Wilhelm, “Your class is allowed to use a graphing calculator for the test? Write a program on it that contains all the formulas that you need and presto, you pass the test. Chance of being caught? Zero (2011).”

“Or just take a picture of your homework and send it via SMS to your friend, who copies it on the bus on the way to class. By constantly cutting down on data transfer times (from letter to telegraph and so forth) it has become trivial to share information that is not yet due, but will be graded (Wilhelm, 2011).”

Wilhelm shares a counter point to help counter act cheating, “To combat this, many classes are slowly ratcheting down their emphasis on graded homework, and pushing harder and more grade-important tests where it can be harder to cheat (2011).”

According to a study done on the analysis of blogs, “For the analysis the ICE (Ideas, Connections, and Extension) three level classification model was used. Findings - The designed blog exercise turned into an informal and formative type of assessment that scaffolds the students' learning, providing a reflective peer-to-peer technology-enhanced learning design (Anders, 2011, p.185).”

Lewis paraphrases his thoughts and research into questions, “How do we come to practice and understand technology? Toward what ends and means is the subject practiced? What should be the nature of technological knowledge? How should the content of the subject be organized? How is the subject today influenced by its history? How is technology practiced across cultures? Who participates in the subject and why or why not? (1999).”